Other Chapters' Lyrics:

Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3

Other Chapters' Notes:

Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3

 

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Earth Science Chapter 10 

 

 

Main points:

 

·        Weathering breaks down rocks and erosion gets rid of soil.

·        Soil is important because it holds water and prevents floods.  It nourishes plants.  It’s a home to many animal species.

·        Farmers use topsoil.  Soil can come from the layer of rock at the bottom, called bedrock.

 

Chapter Summary:

 

·        Weathering is the breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces.

·        Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rock by physical means, such as by ice, wind, water, gravity, plants, and animals.

·        When water seeps into a crack in a rock and freezes later, the expanding ice breaks the rock.

·        Wind and water can weather rocks through abrasion, which is the action of surfaces grinding against each other.

·        Both plant roots and animals dig into soil to cause erosion.

·        Chemical weathering breaks rocks and minerals into new substances.  This can be caused by water, acid precipitation, or air.

·        Oxidation is the reaction of an element with oxygen to form an oxide.  Rust is the most familiar result of oxidation.

·        Oxidation occurs more quickly in warm, humid climates.  This means your bike will rust faster in Florida than in dry New Mexico.

·        Bedrock is the layer of rock beneath the loose soil.

·        The top layer of soil is called topsoil.  This layer has the most organic nutrients which is good for plant growth.

·        Cover crops are planted between harvests to reduce soil erosion and to replace nutrients into the soil.  Soybeans and clover are common for this.

·        Farmers plant different things, a practice called crop rotation, to keep soils nutrient-rich.