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Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3

Other Chapters' Notes:

Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3

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Earth Science Chapter 4 - Chapter Notes

· Rock is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. Some rocks, such as coal, are made from organic materials.

· The rock cycle is a process by which one rock type changes to another.

· Rocks are classified into sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks.

· Rocks can be further categorized by composition. For example, limestone’s composition is 95% calcite and 5% aragonite.

· Deeper in the earth’s crust, it is so hot that rocks can melt to form magma. Cooled magma turns back into a solid rock that we call igneous rock.

· The igneous rock inside the earth is intrusive. The igneous rock on the surface is extrusive. Volcanic rocks are made from extrusive rocks.

· Lava does not always come from volcanoes. Sometimes it erupts from long cracks in the Earth’s surface called fissures.

· Sedimentary rock is naturally compacted in layers called strata. The Grand Canyon contains strata.

· Sedimentary rock can come from living things. Limestone in the sea is made of the remains of tiny organisms called coral.

· Metamorphic rocks are those that have undergone change from pressure, heat, or both. Foliated metamorphic rock consists of minerals aligned to look like pages in a book. Nonfoliated metamorphic rock has no regular pattern.