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Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3
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Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3
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Life Science Chapter 12: Plants - Summary Notes
Plants are diverse but share common characteristics.
- They make their own food. Plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain the light absorbing pigment chlorophyll.
- Plants use the light energy to make glucose. This is photosynthesis.
- Plants have a cuticle, a waxy layer that keeps them from drying out.
- Plant cells have cell walls.
- Plants produce sporophytes that grow into gametophytes. Gametophytes produce sex cells.
Different Plants: Seeds and Seedless
- Nonvascular plants don’t transport water through pipes but instead depend on diffusion and osmosis. An example is moss.
- Vascular plants have water transporting pipes. They can be seedless or produce seeds.
- Seed producing vascular plants are gymnosperms or angiosperms. Gymnosperms are the ones that don’t flower, and angiosperms are the flowering plants.
- Seedless vascular plants, such as ferns, horsetails and club mosses, help form soil. They also prevent soil erosion. The ancient ones are today’s fossil fuel.
- A seed contains stored food and a young plant. It is protected by a covering called a seed coat.
- When a seed germinates, or begins to grow, the young plant is nourished by the stored food. Eventually it makes its own food.
Plant Structure and Function
- Roots anchor plants, store surplus food, and absorb water and minerals from the soil.
- Stems provide support and shuttle materials between the root and stem via the xylem.
- Leaves absorb light and make food for the plant.
- Flowers are the parts for sexual reproduction.