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Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3

Other Chapters' Notes:

Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3

 

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Earth Science Chapter 8

 

·        Seismology is the study of earthquakes.

·        Earthquakes occur mostly at the edges of tectonic plates, giant masses of solid rock that cover the earth.

·        Faults, which are breaks in the Earth’s crust, are especially present at tectonic plate boundaries.

·        Rocks stretch and squeeze like a spring during an earthquake, which causes seismic waves.

·        Seismic waves inside the Earth are body waves, and seismic waves on the Earth’s surface are surface waves.  Surface waves are more destructive.

·        Seismographs help to locate earthquakes, determine when they occurred, and measure their strength.

·        The Richter scale is used to measure earthquake strength.  A one point increase on the scale indicates a 31.7 times increase in energy release.

·        On the Richter scale, a magnitude of 2.0 is small and can’t be felt by humans.  A magnitude of 4.0 can be felt by most in the area.  A magnitude of 6.0 causes widespread damage, and a magnitude of 7.0 causes the greatest damage.

·        Buildings are often constructed to resist earthquakes.  Flexible pipes prevent water and gas lines from breaking.  Base isolators use steel and rubber to absorb shock.

·        In the event of an earthquake, the best thing to do is lie or crouch under cover in the center of the room.  If you’re in a car outside, remain in the car.

·        Seismographs left on the moon have detected moonquakes.

·        Sunquakes are caused by solar flares, powerful magnetic disturbances in the sun.