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Earth Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 -:- Life Science 1 - 2 - 3 - 3b - 4 - 4b - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 -:- Physical Science 3
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Life Science Chapter 6
Structure-what is DNA composed of?
Function-how does DNA work?
Application-how does understanding genetics benefit
us?
Structure:
·
Genes are located on
chromosomes, which are in the nucleus of most cells.
·
Chromosomes are made of protein
and DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
·
DNA is made of four subunits
known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide
has a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
·
The four bases are adenine,
thymine, guanine, and cytosine. (Bram, this is very fundamental)
·
Adenine binds to thymine while
guanine binds to cytosine. (This too is most fundamental).
Function:
·
Groups of three bases code for
a specific amino acid. For example, AGC
makes serine.
·
Long strings of amino acids
form proteins, and proteins send the chemical messages that determine all our
traits: how tall we will grow, what colors we see, whether our hair is curly or straight.
·
Mutations occur when the order
of bases in an organism’s DNA changes.
Mutations are caused by mutagens, like radiation.
·
A deletion mutation is when a
base is left out. An insertion mutation
is when an extra base is added.
Application:
·
Genetic engineering is a way
scientists use mutations in a beneficial way.
It is used to manufacture desired proteins, repair damaged genes, and
cure diseases.
·
A pedigree is a sort of family
tree that follows traits through generations of a family. It is useful to predict whether a person
carries an allele for a hereditary disease.